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Present perfect and past perfect6/29/2023 This month ¹ (a time starting from within this time to current tim: morning, evening, week, semester, this spring, year, decade, century) Today ¹ / tonight (a time starting from within this time to current time ) The period will end when I arrive at class. (done, perfective) to (2) I have been walking to class this morning. The period ended when I arrived at class. Compare (1) I have just walked to class this morning. *The foundation has sunk for 200 years.ĭEFINITE TIMING "HAPPENING BEFORE AND UP TO NOW"Īdverbial expressions with definite timing are used when actions have starting times and ending times relative to the current moment (now). Telic – a verb or verb phrase that presents an action or event as being complete. The verb can be used with a time-frame adverbial such as "in a month", but not with a time-span adverbial such as "for a month") → The foundation has sunk in the last 200 years. (The verb can be used with a time-span adverbial such as "for a month", but not with a time-frame adverbial such as "within a year".) → The tower has leaned for several years. tower-of-pisa-historical-facts/Ītelic – a verb or verb phrase that presents an action or event as being incomplete. See "Historical Facts." The Leaning Tower of Pisa. This would have destroyed some of this landmark's attraction. ¹uprighting the tower – the engineers did not actually upright the tower to a perfect 90º. ⇒ They completed the Golden Gate Bridge in four years. Accomplishments can often be restated as: It took us X time to do something with "something" as the goal.
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